Description Intended for use in an introductory course on biomaterials, taught primarily in departments of biomedical engineering. The book covers classes of materials commonly used in biomedical applications, followed by coverage of the biocompatibility of those materials with the biological environment. Finally, it covers some in-depth applications of biomaterials. It does all of this with an overall emphasis on tissue engineering. Co-authors, Johnna Temenoff and Antonios Mikos, are the 2010 Meriam/Wiley Distinguished Author Award Recipients for Biomaterials: The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Materials for Biomedical Applications 1-1 1.1.

1. Solutions Manual For Accounting

Introduction to biomaterials 1-2 1.2. Biological response to biomaterials 1-8 1.3. Biomaterial product testing and FDA approval 1-10 1.4. Types of biomaterials 1-11 1.5. Processing of biomaterials 1-15 1.6.

Important properties of biomaterials 1-16 1.7. Principles of chemistry 1-21 1.8.

Summary 1-35 1.9. Problems 1-37 1.10. Tables 1-39 1.11. Figures 1-44 1.12.

References 1-70 1.13. Additional reading 1-72 Chapter 2: Chemical Structure of Biomaterials 2-1 2.1. Introduction: Bonding and the structure of biomaterials 2-2 2.2. Structure of Metals 2-2 2.3.

Structure of Ceramics 2-18 2.4. Structure of polymers 2-24 2.5. Techniques: Introduction to material characterization 2-41 2.6. Summary 2-62 2.7. Problems 2-64 2.8.

Tables 2-69 2.9. Figures 2-79 2.10. References 2-148 2.11. Additional reading 2-149 Chapter 3: Physical Properties of Biomaterials 3-1 3.1.

Introduction: From atomic groupings to bulk materials 3-2 3.2. Crystallinity and linear defects 3-2 3.3. Crystallinity and planar defects 3-8 3.4. Crystallinity and volume defects 3-12 3.5.

Crystallinity and polymeric materials 3-13 3.6. Thermal transitions of crystalline and non-crystalline materials 3-18 3.7.

Techniques: Introduction to Thermal Analysis 3-26 3.8. Summary 3-30 3.9. Problems 3-32 3.10. Tables 3-35 3.11. Figures 3-38 3.12.

References 3-63 3.13. Additional reading 3-64 Chapter 4: Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials 4-1 4.1. Introduction: Modes of mechanical testing 4-3 4.2. Mechanical testing methods, results and calculations 4-3 4.3. Fracture and failure 4-40 4.4. Fatigue and fatigue testing 4-43 4.5. Methods to improve mechanical properties 4-46 4.6.

Techniques: Introduction to Mechanical Analysis 4-49 4.7. Summary 4-51 4.8. Problems 4-54 4.9.

Solutions Manual For Accounting

Figures 4-58 4.10. References 4-101 4.11. Additional reading 4-101 Chapter 5: Biomaterial Degradation 5-1 5.1. Introduction: Degradation in the biological environment 5-2 5.2. Corrosion/degradation of metals and ceramics 5-3 5.3. Degradation of polymers 5-18 5.4.

Biodegradable materials 5-22 5.5. Techniques: Assays for extent of degradation 5-29 5.6.

Summary 5-30 5.7. Problems 5-32 5.8. Tables 5-37 5.9. Figures 5-40 5.10. References 5-54 5.11. Additional reading 5-55 Chapter 6: Biomaterial Processing 6-1 6.1.

Introduction: Importance of biomaterials processing 6-2 6.2. Processing to improve bulk properties 6-2 6.3.

Processing to form desired shapes 6-12 6.4. Processing to improve biocompatibility 6-26 6.5. Summary 6-30 6.6. Problems 6-32 6.7. Tables 6-34 6.8.

Figures 6-35 6.9. References 6-54 6.10. Additional reading 6-55 Chapter 7: Surface Properties of Biomaterials 7-1 7.1. Introduction: Concepts in surface chemistry and biology 7-2 7.2. Physicochemical surface modification techniques 7-6 7.3. Biological surface modification techniques 7-20 7.4. Surface properties and degradation 7-25 7.5.

Patterning techniques for surfaces 7-25 7.6. Techniques: Introduction to surface characterization 7-27 7.7. Summary 7-46 7.8.

Problems 7-48 7.9. Tables 7-53 7.10. Figures 7-58 7.11. References 7-107 7.12. Additional reading 7-109 Chapter 8: Protein Interactions with Biomaterials 8-1 8.1. Introduction: Thermodynamics of protein adsorption 8-2 8.2. Protein structure 8-7 8.3.

Protein transport and adsorption kinetics 8-15 8.4. Reversibility of protein adsorption 8-18 8.5. Techniques: Assays for protein type and amount 8-22 8.6. Summary 8-33 8.7. Problems 8-35 8.8. Tables 8-39 8.9. Figures 8-42 8.10.

References 8-74 8.11. Additional reading 8-75 Chapter 9: Cell Interactions with Biomaterials 9-1 9.1.

Introduction: Cell-surface interactions and cellular functions 9-2 9.2. Cellular structure 9-3 9.3. Extracellular environment 9-14 9.4.

Cell-environment interactions affect cellular functions 9-23 9.5. Models of adhesion, spreading and migration 9-34 9.6. Techniques: Assays to determine effects of cell-material interactions 9-43 9.7. Summary 9-53 9.8. Problems 9-57 9.9. Tables 9-61 9.10.

Figures 9-62 9.11. References 9-113 9.12. Additional reading 9-115 Chapter 10: Biomaterial Implantation and Acute Inflammation 10-1 10.1. Introduction: Overview of innate and acquired immunity 10-2 10.2. Clinical signs of inflammation and their causes 10-5 10.4. Role of other granulocytes 10-11 10.5. Termination of acute inflammation 10-16 10.6.

Techniques: In vitro assays for inflammatory response 10-17 10.7. Summary 10-20 10.8. Problems 10-22 10.9.

Tables 10-24 10.10. Figures 10-27 10.11. References 10-34 10.12. Additional reading 10-34 Chapter 11: Wound Healing and the Presence of Biomaterials 11-1 11.1. Introduction: Formation of granulation tissue 11-2 11.2.

Foreign body reaction 11-3 11.3. Fibrous encapsulation 11-4 11.4. Chronic inflammation 11-7 11.5. Four types of resolution 11-8 11.6. Regeneration: wound healing in skin 11-9 11.7.

Techniques: In vivo assays for inflammatory response 11-12 11.8. Summary 11-20 11.9. Problems 11-22 11.10. Tables 11-25 11.11. Figures 11-28 11.12. References 11-36 11.13.

Additional reading 11-37 Chapter 12: Immune Response to Biomaterials 12-1 12.1. Introduction: Overview of acquired immunity 12-2 12.2. Antigen presentation and lymphocyte maturation 12-4 12.3. B cells and antibodies 12-8 12.4. T cells 12-12 12.5. The complement system 12-14 12.6. Undesired immune responses to biomaterials 12-19 12.7.

Techniques: Assays for immune response 12-25 12.8. Summary 12-28 12.9. Problems 12-32 12.10. Tables 12-34 12.11. Figures 12-35 12.12.

References 12-51 12.13. Additional reading 12-51 Chapter 13: Biomaterials and Thrombosis 13-1 13.1. Introduction: Overview of hemostasis 13-2 13.2. Role of platelets 13-2 13.3. Coagulation cascade 13-5 13.4.

Means of limiting clot formation 13-9 13.5. Role of endothelium 13-11 13.6. Tests for hemocompatibility 13-13 13.7. Summary 13-18 13.8.

Problems 13-20 13.9. Tables 13-25 13.10. Figures 13-27 13.11.

References 13-32 13.12. Additional reading 13-33 Chapter 14: Infection, Tumorigenesis and Calcification of Biomaterials 14-1 14.1. Introduction: Overview of other potential problems with biomaterials implantation 14-2 14.2. Infection 14-2 14.3. Techniques for infection experiments 14-10 14.4. Tumorigenesis 14-16 14.5. Techniques for tumorigenesis experiments 14-21 14.6.

Pathologic calcification 14-23 14.7. Techniques for pathologic calcification experiments 14-26 14.8.

Summary 14-30 14.9. Problems 14-33 14.10.

Figures 14-36 14.11. References 14-45 14.12. Additional reading 14-46 List of Abbreviations Appendix I-1 List of Symbols Appendix I-6 Index Index.